Advanced Placement (AP) English Literature Practice Exam

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What is litotes in literary terms?

An exaggerated statement for emphasis
A form of irony based on common knowledge
An understatement used for enhancing effect
A technique involving repetitive phrases

The correct answer is: An understatement used for enhancing effect

Litotes is a figure of speech that employs understatement to emphasize a point by stating a negative to affirm a positive. For example, saying "not bad" to mean something is quite good is a classic example of litotes. This rhetorical device can create an ironic tone or provide subtlety to the expression, making it more impactful. The use of understatement can often soften a statement, making it seem more polite or modest, while still conveying a strong meaning. This technique enhances the effect of the speaker's message, allowing the audience to infer the intensity of the sentiment being expressed. In contrast, options that describe exaggerated statements or repetitive phrases do not align with the definition of litotes, as these techniques serve different rhetorical purposes and do not involve the subtlety and nuanced form of understatement that characterizes litotes.